Les images repr\u00e9sentant les femmes issues des immigrations comme un groupe homog\u00e8ne compos\u00e9 d\u2019individus interchangeables sont largement r\u00e9pandues dans les approches racistes pour justifier l\u2019inf\u00e9riorisation de ces derni\u00e8res selon certains crit\u00e8res (ethniques, physiques, culturels, religieux\u2026). Ces st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes servent par ailleurs des visions communautaristes qui transforment l\u2019appartenance communautaire en une identit\u00e9 globalisante pour la plaquer sur chaque membre de cette communaut\u00e9 au nom de l\u2019ordre culturel et religieux, ce pr\u00e9texte l\u00e9gitimant \u00e0 son tour des traditions sexistes \u00e0 l\u2019origine de violences et de discriminations. Ne pas prendre en compte cette d\u00e9rive peut conduire \u00e0 justifier des traditions patriarcales encore en vigueur dans les pays d\u2019origine au nom de la diversit\u00e9 culturelle et religieuse et de la lutte contre le racisme. Ce genre d\u2019attitude contribue au d\u00e9veloppement des communautarismes, et ce au d\u00e9triment des droits des femmes.<\/p>\n
Face \u00e0 cela, il est indispensable de comprendre la diff\u00e9rence entre appartenance communautaire et communautarisme.<\/p>\n
Appartenir \u00e0 une communaut\u00e9, c\u2019est entretenir des relations fond\u00e9es sur un lien commun (origine, langue, territoire de vie, croyance, conviction, go\u00fbt, etc.), chaque individu pouvant exp\u00e9rimenter plusieurs liens de ce type au cours de sa vie. Dans cette perspective, les communaut\u00e9s peuvent \u00eatre des lieux de rencontre, de solidarit\u00e9 et de partage, et donc jouer un r\u00f4le positif contre l\u2019isolement. Les immigr\u00e9\u00b7es peuvent s\u2019y ressourcer, en m\u00eame temps que la communaut\u00e9 leur offre un lieu de cr\u00e9ation tourn\u00e9 vers des richesses culturelles sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n
Tout \u00e0 l\u2019oppos\u00e9, le communautarisme transforme des liens communautaires en une identit\u00e9 immuable qui restreint les droits et les libert\u00e9s individuelles. Il tend \u00e0 gommer la pluralit\u00e9 des individus et des groupes composant les communaut\u00e9s, et favorise ainsi des identit\u00e9s ferm\u00e9es. Ce repli identitaire s\u2019accompagne d\u2019un contr\u00f4le des opinions et des comportements des membres de la communaut\u00e9. Dans ce cas, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 le r\u00f4le assign\u00e9 aux femmes en tant que m\u00e8res-gardiennes des traditions, le d\u00e9veloppement du communautarisme menace directement leurs droits.<\/p>\n
De nombreuses situations-probl\u00e8mes rep\u00e9r\u00e9es par des intervenant\u00b7es sociaux font part de la restriction des droits et de l\u2019exercice des violences envers les femmes sous pr\u00e9texte de respect des codes culturels et religieux cens\u00e9s pr\u00e9server l\u2019honneur du groupe familial ou communautaire. Ces situations tr\u00e8s diverses (aussi bien des mariages forc\u00e9s que la remise en question de la mixit\u00e9 femmes-hommes dans l\u2019espace public) traduisent une volont\u00e9 de contr\u00f4le du corps et de la sexualit\u00e9 des femmes, en particulier des plus jeunes, pour annihiler leurs droits les plus \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n
L\u2019essor des id\u00e9ologisations religieuses agit en faveur de ces ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Les images repr\u00e9sentant les femmes issues des immigrations comme un groupe homog\u00e8ne compos\u00e9 d\u2019individus interchangeables sont largement r\u00e9pandues dans les approches racistes pour justifier l\u2019inf\u00e9riorisation de ces derni\u00e8res selon certains crit\u00e8res (ethniques, physiques, culturels, religieux\u2026). Ces st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes servent par ailleurs des visions communautaristes qui transforment l\u2019appartenance communautaire en une identit\u00e9 globalisante pour la plaquer sur 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